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What Is PHP?

PHP (PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor) is a server-side scripting language intended to help web developers build dynamic web sites quickly.
How Does PHP Work?

PHP scripts are executed on the server, before the web page is displayed to the user (this is what we mean by "server-side"). The user only sees the end result, which consists of client-side markup and scripts (i.e. HTML, JavaScript, CSS etc). Therefore, the user/browser doesn't actually see any PHP code. If the user views the source code, all they would see is HTML, JavaScript, CSS etc - they wouldn't see any PHP code.

This happens because, whenever the server processes a file with the .php extension, it knows to look for PHP code. When it encounters the PHP code, it processes it. Generally, the same .php file will also have client side code such as HTML. The server knows to process the PHP bits and output the client-side bits. You, as the programmer, determine which pieces of HTML will be displayed and when. You do this using PHP code.

What Can PHP Do?

PHP enables you to build large, complex, and dynamic websites. PHP can also increase your productivity enormously, both in development time and maintenance time.

Using PHP, you can build websites that do things such as:

* Query a database
* Allow users to upload files
* Create/read files on the server (for example, the files that your users upload)
* Have a "member's area" (i.e. via a login page)
* Have a shopping cart
* Present a customized experience (for example, based on users' browsing history)
* Much, much more

What Do I Need to Create PHP Code?

You can create PHP code using the same equipment you use when creating HTML. That is, a computer with the following software:

* Text editor. For example, Notepad (for Windows), Pico (for Linux), or Simpletext (Mac). You could use a special HTML or PHP editor if you like but it's not needed.
* Web Browser. For example, Internet Explorer or Firefox.

What Do I Need to Run PHP?

To run the PHP pages you create, you need a computer with the following software:

* A web server (such as IIS, Apache etc)
* PHP

If you don't have these installed, you have a couple of options (apart from giving up!). The next lesson will point you in the right direction

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MANAGED Hosting:
Managed hosting is the next step up for webmasters from shared. Instead of sharing a server with others you would have one dedicated to you, as a managed customer everything is taken care for you including installation, updates and reboots. Many people out-grow their web hosting plan and as they start getting more and more visitors it is necessary to move to a dedicated server so managed hosting is the perfect solution in order to make the switch as effortless as possible.

UK hosting
Most webmasters do not pay much attention in to where their site is hosted, whether it's in the US or EU people pay little interest in the physical location of a server and focus more on the price. The issue here occurs when you run into difficulties and your site goes down. You may be left feeling miles away from help when your host is US based and closed for the weekend! The US web hosting marker is huge and it's always a good idea to help companies in your own country first especially in times of an economic crisis.

E-COMMERCE Hosting:
If you are selling a product or service online then being E-commerce ready is essential. From taking orders online to processing credit card payments, a good E-commerce host should be able to do all this and more. Setting up an E-commerce site isn′t difficult these days, most hosts include everything you need inside your control panel such as shopping carts, quick start guides and video tutorials.

EMAIL Hosting:
Virtually everyone who uses the internet has access to an email address these days. When you purchase your a domain name you will be able to use your own email address to send and receive email for business or pleasure. A real email address adds instant credibility to your name, if you are running a profitable business then it′s absolutely essential to set up your own email address.

FANTASTICO Hosting:
Each year Fantastico is used to install millions of web apps/scripts including open source software like Wordpress, Joomla and Mambo. Since the apps are all open source the Fantastico suite is free, the only thing you should watch out for is the version of Fantastico that your host is using. Many web hosts get lazy and do not update the software, hosts that do not provide regular updates carelessly open you up to security holes making customers sites valuable to attacks.

LINUX Hosting:
Linux is the most popular operating system which sets the standard for reliability, power and low price. Linux is suitable for Perl or PHP programming and MYSQL database.

ASP Hosting:
ASP.NET is a dynamic scripting language built for the Windows platform, if ASP is required to make your project a success then be sure to pick a Linux hosting plan from your chosen web hosting provider. The name “ASP” is far from a house hold name, very few people have heard of the term but well known sites like MySpace.com and Monster.com rely on ASP.NET every day.

BLOG Hosting:
Blogs are a great way for webmasters to communicate online, thousands of people worldwide use blogging as a means of communicating a message across to the millions of us who use the internet every day. Search engines thrive on blog content and they can deliver hundreds or even thousands of real visitors every day if the content it right.

BUSINESS Hosting:
As a business your online presence can literally make or break you or your company. Online there are thousands of people actively seeking your product or service and if you do not act fast, somebody else may be steeling your business. Business hosting should be secure and reliable, you do not want to wait a long time for your pages to load and if an issue arises you need to be able to speak with someone at any time of the day or night.

Analog
An analog system is considered to be the traditional telephone system, and it works by converting sounds or video signals into electrical vibrations so they can be transmitted or reproduced.
Analog Telephone Adapter (ATA)
An ATA adapter will allow you to use your existing, traditional analog handset/phone even though you have a VoIP connection. The ATA converts the VoIP signal into a standard telephone signal.
Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL)
A high-speed broadband Internet connection utilizing copper wire to transmit data over the phone lines between ADSL modems. It has a faster download speed than upload speed, which makes it different from DSL connections. DSL providers often advertise speed of their service using a combination of two bandwidth numbers; for example, "1.5 Mbps / 128 Kbps" the first number being the download speed and the second being upload speed. Speeds vary according to the quality of lines, distance to the local hub etc.
Audio Menu
A verbal recording that provides audio prompts over the phone. Audio menus are commonly used with PBX systems as the menu option allowing the caller to navigate through to the correct party replacing a traditional live receptionist.
Bandwidth
The amount of time it takes a specific volume of data to be sent from one computer to another utilizing a certain connection. The higher the bandwidth, the faster data is accessible. Bandwidth is measured in bits per second. An easy way to think of bandwidth is to envision a tube of water. The larger the tube, the more water you can fit through it at a time. Broadband therefor is the term for high bandwidth services.
Broadband
The general term for any Internet connection that transmits and receives data at a rate of 100kbps or higher. Broadband can be utilized via DSL, Cable, Fiber, Wireless and many other types of networking schema.
Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)
A type of broadband internet connection that transmits data though the copper wire of the phone system. However, it bypasses circuit-switching, therefore making it faster than dial-up connections.
E911
The added benefit of E911 is that it transfers your telephone number and your location to the emergency services in your area. Since Voip allows you to move your location and have phone numbers from all around the world it is important to make sure your provider knows your location. This will ensure that in the case of an emergency the response teams can locate you.
Ethernet
Used in the majority of computer network connections, it is a digital networking system that involves a process known as packet switching, in which client requests are routed to their correct destination in the network. Most ethernet sockets use an RJ-45 adapter which resembles a typical phone jack however it is larger in size.
Internet Fax
The ability to receive a virtual fax via your email address. The sender sends the fax like normal to a designated phone number and the fax is then emailed to your inbox.
Internet Protocol Address (IP Address)
Address of a computer that is connected to the Internet. Addresses are alloted in sets such as 255.255.255.255. The numbers act as a directory listing that tells routers where to send data. DNS servers throughout the world help to rout the traffic through the internet.
Internet Service Provider (ISP)
A company that provides Internet access to consumers, allowing them to connect their computers to the Internet. These services can include dial-up connections, DSL, Cable, Fiber, Wireless and many other technologies.
Internet Telephony
Any means of transmitting human voice via the intenet. This includes phone to phone, voip to phone, pc to phone etc.
Modem
A modem is the equipment that converts digital signals into analog signals so data can be transferred across telephone lines and decoded on the other end.
Packet
Packets consist of data to be transmitted. Data is broken down from one side into packets, transferred and then decoded on the other end.
PBX or Private Branch Exchange
A PBX system is defined as a telephone exchange system that services a specific office or business. It is the inter-office switchboard that allows internal phone transfers, voicemail, etc.
Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN)
Traditional phone system that uses a copper wire network to carry analog voice data. Also called a landline network.
RJ-11 or Registered Jack-11
The designation used for the 6 prong connection used in standard telephones that connects the phone wireing to the jack on the phone or wall.
RJ-45 or Registered Jack-45
The designation used for the 8 prong connection used for data transmition using twisted pair cables. This is the most common form of ethernet cableing system used for computer networks.
Router
This is used to connect computers in an Ethernet network. Routers manage the IP addresses and filter traffic to ensure it is sent and received properly.
Simultaneous Ring
Ringing multiple phones when one number is dialed. Many providers allow you to set multiple phone numbers inlcuding your cell phone to ring when your voip line is called. Whichever line you pick up the call will forward to and you can talk like normal. This feature is amazing if you have a cell plan that gives you free calling to specific lines.
Softphone
Refers to any VoIP service that is software based (using your computer as a telephone). Most softphone solutions will support a gui interface that allows you to use your computer to dial numbers and acts like a real telephone.
T-1
The digital standard for high capacity transmittion of telephony and data communications. It can provide a 1.544 Mbps link that is divisible into 24 64 kbps channels. This is used to provide connectivity between routers, private networks and the internet.
Voice over Internet Protocol (VOIP)
System of converting phone calls from analog signals to a digital file and transmitting it through the internet.

Adobe DreamWeaver: is a web development application originally created by Allaire Systems, which was acquired approximately 1998 by Macromedia and is now owned by Adobe Systems, which acquired Macromedia in 2005. Dreamweaver is available for both Mac and Windows operating systems. Recent versions have incorporated support for web technologies such as CSS, JavaScript, and various server-side scripting languages and frameworks including ASP.NET, ColdFusion, JavaServer Pages, and PHP.

Anonymous FTP: Anonymous File Transfer Protocol. Allows the public to log into an FTP server with a common login, avoiding the need to assign passwords to anyone who wants to download files from your Web site. This is unnecessary unless you plan on providing downloadable files to the public.

ASP: Active Server Pages. A commonly used Microsoft scripting language that enables the use of online databases.

ASP Hosting: ASP hosting lets your Website take advantage of Microsoft's Active Server Pages (ASP) technology, which uses server-side scripting with HTML to generate dynamic Webpages.

Auto responder: An email address that is set up to automatically reply to the sender with a previously prepared response.

Bandwidth (Data Transfer): The amount of data that you are allowed to transfer (usually monthly). Data = images, text, audio files, video files and everything else that a server transfers to a user's web browser. Approximately 40,000 page views = 1 GB of data transfer. Web sites that get a lot of visitors (and page views) need larger amounts of data transfer (or bandwidth).

CGI: Common Gateway Interface. A program that translates data from a web server and then displays that data on a web page or in an email. CGI scripting can add numerous interactive elements to a Web site.

CGI-BIN: A directory on a server where CGI programs are stored. CGI scripting can add numerous interactive elements to a Web site.

CGI Library: Certain hosts will provide a collection of pre-made CGI scripts (as a convenience) that can be used to add numerous interactive elements to your Web site.

Control Panel: An online interface often used to facilitate Web site management and editing. Control panels often allow hosting customers to perform basic functions (make changes, check data, etc.) without contacting customer service.

Database: A collection organized records of information that can facilitate searching, sorting, and recombination of data.

Data Transfer (Bandwidth): The amount of data that you are allowed to transfer (usually monthly). Data = images, text, audio files, video files and everything else that a server transfers to a user's web browser. Approximately 40,000 page views = 1 GB of data transfer. Web sites that get a lot of visitors (and page views) need larger amounts of data transfer (or bandwidth). Also, graphics-heavy sites will need more data transfer than more basic sites.

Dedicated Servers (Dedicated Hosting): The opposite of Shared Web hosting. Servers that are owned by a Web hosting company but rented out and used by a single customer. Web sites in need of a lot of disk space and/or data transfer and/or Web sites that have very specific software needs may opt to rent a dedicated server. Shared Web hosting is usually sufficient for most small and medium sized businesses.

Disk Space (Storage Space): The storage capacity for images, HTML files, audio files, video files, graphics, etc. A Web site planning to have a large amount of pages and/or planning to use a lot of images (or other large files) will need a greater amount of disk space.

Domain Name: Domain name is an easy-to-remember address that can be translated by DNS into server's IP address. Domain names are hierarchical. Domain's suffix indicates which TLD (top level domain) it belongs to, for example .com, .gov, .org, .net, or .jp. Recently ICANN (Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers) added several new TLDs, like .biz, .pro., and .museum.

E-Commerce: Electronic Commerce; the buying/selling (or exchange) of goods and services through the Internet.

Email Forwarding: When email sent to different email addresses is automatically sent (forwarded) to another specified email address. For example, you could have multiple email addresses (i.e. info@domain.com, support@domain.com, webmaster@domain.com) that would all be forwarded to one address (i.e. whatever@domain.com) for easy checking and responding.

Firewall: Software and/or hardware combination that protects a computer or network from unauthorized access.

FrontPage: Microsoft FrontPage is an HTML editor often used to create and maintain Web sites.

FrontPage Extensions: A set of programs and scripts that allow specific features of a Web site created with FrontPage to perform correctly.

File Transfer Protocol (FTP): is the simplest way to transfer files between
computers over the internet. It is an application protocol that uses TCP/IP protocols and is typically used to upload web pages to a server or to download software from a site to a user’s own computer.

GB: Gigabyte. 1024 Megabytes.

IMAP: Internet Message Access Protocol. A method allowing an email program to access remote messages stored on a mail server.

IP Address: Internet Protocol Address. A unique number identifying all devices connected to the Internet

KB: Kilobyte. 1024 bytes.

Linux: A UNIX-like operating system used by Web servers.

Managed Hosting: A dedicated server complemented with technical support and maintenance services. This is a step up from standard dedicated Web hosting, where customers are responsible for all administrative and maintenance duties.

MB: Megabyte. A million bytes. A thousand kilobytes.

Microsoft Access: Microsoft's low-end relational database.

MS SQL: Microsoft SQL Server. A relational database management system. Windows hosting plans often include MS SQL databases.

MySQL: A popular open-source relational database. UNIX hosting plans often include MySQL databases.

Payment Gateway: Enables the authorization, processing and managing of online transactions.

Perl: A programming language that facilitates data management and processing.

PHP: A scripting language. PHP commands are embedded within the HTML of a Web page and is useful in the arena of dynamically generated pages. PHP scripting can add numerous interactive elements to a Web site.

PHP Hosting: PHP hosting lets your Website take advantage of all the features of the open-source PHP scripting language. PHP scripts are embedded in HTML and are executed by the host's servers to generate dynamic content on your site.

POP: Post Office Protocol. A protocol used to retrieve e-mail from a mail server.

POP3 Email Account: POP3 email allows all emails addressed to your domain to go to one place. If a host allows multiple POP3 email boxes, you can have multiple (separate) email addresses.

Server: A computer or device on a network used to store files and maintain network resources. This computer/device handles requests for Web pages.

Setup Fee: Initial fee charged by a host to create your hosting account.

Shared Web Hosting: The opposite of Dedicated Web hosting. Multiple sites hosted on a single server. Multiple Web sites share the system resources of a single server, with each single Web site being allotted specific amounts of resources. Shared Web hosting is the most common (and cheapest) hosting option.

Shopping Cart Software: Software that allows users (customers) of a Web site to add and delete items into an online "shopping cart" and then proceed to purchase the item(s). A shopping cart is an essential component for most e-commerce Web sites, as it allows users to browse for and purchase products online. Some Web hosts provide free (usually more basic) shopping carts, while others provide a shopping cart for an additional fee. Different shopping cart programs range greatly in usability, functionality and features, so choose wisely before creating your online store.

SMTP: Simple Mail Transfer Protocol. A protocol for sending email.

SQL: Structured Query Language. A database query and programming language used for accessing, updating, and managing data in a relational database system.

SSI: Server Side Incudes. Often used by Web developers in order to facilitate in updating content on Web sites. An SSI is a variable value that a web server can dynamically add to an otherwise static Web page. SSI-enabled Web pages will often be found with .shtml extensions.

SSL: Secure Sockets Layer. Allows encrypted, authenticated communications over the Web. SSL provides security in online commerce. URL's starting with "https://" indicate the utilization of SSL.

Static (Dedicated) IP Address: A unique and unchanging IP address. The opposite of dynamic IP addressing, in which a Web site's IP address is different with each connection to the server. With dynamic IP addressing, several domains can use 1 IP address. With static IP addressing, your Web site gets an unchanging IP address that is not shared with other sites and can be called up in place of your usual www.domain.com.

Storage Space (Disk Space): The storage capacity for images, HTML files, audio files, video files, graphics, etc. A Web site planning to have a large amount of pages and/or planning to use a lot of images (or other large files) will need a greater amount of storage space.

Subdomain: A subdomain is a division of a Web site, a section set apart with a different sub-domain name. For example, subdomains of Web site "domain.com" could be "support.domain.com," "clients.domain.com," etc.

Uptime: How often a Web site is accessible to users on the Internet (often given in a % percentage). This is often monitored through the use of commercially available website monitoring software.

UNIX: The most commonly used operating system among Web servers. Unix is a text-based, multitasking operating system that is designed to be used by many people at the same time.

Virtual Private Servers: Shared hosting servers in which each hosting space is alloted its own amount of dedicated resources. A step above shared Web hosting but a step below dedicated Web hosting.

Virtual Web Hosting: Also known as shared Web hosting. Multiple sites hosted on a single server.

WAP: Wireless Application Protocol. A set of protocols that standardize the way that wireless devices can be used for Internet access.

Web-based Email: Allows a user to access email from any computer that has an Internet connection and a Web browser.

Web Statistics: Reports on visitors to your Web site. Statistics range from basic (how many visitors), to advanced (referring URL, search phrase, etc.).

Windows Hosting: Hosting on a web server that uses Microsoft Windows server software as it's operating platform. Windows hosting plans are useful in the arena of dynamic content generation and database functionality. Windows is a graphic-based, multitasking operating system.